AI Tools Like Mythos Transform Ethical Hacking and Cybersecurity Research

By: Harsh Vardhan

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Updated on: 27-May-2026 03:00 PM

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Anthropic's Mythos Preview AI system has identified thousands of high-severity software vulnerabilities, impacting every major operating system and web browser. Mozilla reported that Mythos Preview found 271 bugs in the Firefox browser. The system's capabilities are raising concerns about the future of ethical hacking careers.

Key Highlights

• Anthropic's Mythos Preview AI found thousands of high-severity vulnerabilities in major software platforms.
• Mozilla confirmed Mythos Preview identified 271 bugs in the Firefox browser.
• Ethical hackers like Chompie believe AI may eventually limit human roles in cybersecurity.
• Experts say human expertise remains crucial for tackling new and complex security challenges.

AI Systems Find Vulnerabilities Faster

Valentina Palmiotti, known as “Chompie,” is a leading ethical hacker. She specializes in finding security weaknesses before cybercriminals can exploit them. Chompie was the top individual competitor at the Pwn2Own hacking competition in Berlin. Despite her achievements, she believes AI tools like Claude Mythos could eventually limit the role of human ethical hackers.

Currently, Chompie uses AI to accelerate her work in bug bounty competitions. However, she predicts that as AI systems become more advanced, humans may struggle to keep up. Anthropic reports that Mythos has identified about 1,600 vulnerabilities across hundreds of software programs. Due to its power and potential risks, Anthropic is only releasing Mythos Preview to select governments and cybersecurity institutions.

The concern is that AI could help defenders fix vulnerabilities quickly, reducing opportunities for human ethical hackers to find issues in specific products. Chompie told the BBC, “I think that there's going to be no room for security research or ethical hacking, but I think that a lot of the lower-hanging fruit will start to go away.”

Human Expertise Remains Essential

Despite the rapid advances in AI, cybersecurity experts say human skills are still crucial. Calif, a cybersecurity startup, used a preview version of Mythos to build an exploit against Apple’s new M5 chip protections. Mythos quickly identified vulnerabilities in known exploit categories. However, bypassing Apple’s latest protection systems required significant human expertise, as those defenses were new and unfamiliar to the AI.

Researchers from Calif emphasized that human knowledge remains vital when facing novel security challenges. Another top competitor at the Berlin event, Orange Tsai, noted that AI is already changing the hacking landscape. Tsai, a multiple hacking prize winner, told the BBC that AI raises the bar for hackers. Still, he believes human creativity and intuition will continue to uncover vulnerabilities that AI might overlook.

Chompie agrees that AI tools will make hacking more difficult overall, which benefits internet security. She argues that responsible release of AI systems is necessary. According to her, ethical hackers and defenders should have early access to powerful AI tools. This approach would allow them to identify and fix vulnerabilities before cybercriminals can exploit them.